Variable-fluid gear.



H. F. J. PORTER. VARIABLE FLUID GEAR.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 2B, 1908.

Patented Mar. 7, 1911.

l1 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

I/VVENTOI? 6W Arm/my.

WITNESSES H. F. J. PORTER. VARIABLE FLUID GEAR.

I APPLICATION FILED DEC. 28, 1908.

Patented Mar. 7, 19-11.

11 SHBETBSHEET 2.

WITNESSES maw Z M ym lam 1 610 7 ATTORNEY.

H. F. J. PORTER. VARIABLE FLUID GEAR. APPLICATION FILED DBO. 28, 1908.

Patented Mar. 7, 191.1.

11 SHEET SSHEET 3.

WITNESSES WITNESSES H. F. J. PORTER. VARIABLE FLUID GEAR. APPLICATIONFILED DEC. 28, 1908.

Patented Mar. 7, 1911.

11 SHEETSSHEET 4.

INVENTOH wmm ATTOR/VE V.

H. P. J. PORTER.

VARIABLE FLUID GEAR.

APPLICATION FILED DEG. 28, 190B.

Patented Mar. 7, 1911.

11 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

Ill/ll A: W

WITNESSES W By ATTORNEY.

H. P. J. PORTER. VARIABLE FLUID GEAR. APPLICATION FILED DEC. 28, 1908.

Patented Mar. 7, 1911;

11 SHEETS-SHEET 6- INVENTOR %M;;[6

ATTOHNEK WITNESSES H. P. J. PORTER. VARIABLE FLUID GEAR. APPLICATIONFILED DEC. 28, 1908.

Patented Mar. 7, 1911.

11 SHEETSSHEET 7.

INVENTOH BY M M4. M

ATTORNEY.

8 M m w W H. F. J. PORTERf VARIABLE FLUID GEAR.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 28, 1908.

Patented Mar. 7, 1911.

11 SHEETSSHEET 8.

mbm

A TTOR/VE V.

H. P. J. PORTER. VARIABLE FLUID GEAR.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 28, 1998.

Patented Mar. 7, 1911.

11 8HEETS-SHEET 9.

INVENTOR ATTORNEY.

W/T/VESSES H. F. J. PORTER.

( VARIABLE FLUID GEAR.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 28, 1908. 85,835. Patented Mar. 7, 1911.

11 SHEETS-SHEET 10.

WITNESSES l/VVE/VTOR WW %Mj 6& Am 2. @140 w M. W

ATTORNEY.

H. F. J. PORTER.

VARIABLE FLUID GEAR.

APPLIOATION FILED DEC. 28, 190B.

Patented M2117, 1911.

11 SHEETS-SHEET 11.

INVENTOH WITNESSES A TTORNE Y.

" assess.

HOLBBOOK r". .1. PORTER, or NEWiYOBK, N. Y.,' ASSIGNOLR- TO THE,unrvnnsar. srnnn CONTROL COMPANY, A CORPORATION or new YORK.

VARIABLE-FLUID GEAR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. '7, 1911.

Application filed December 2 8, 1908. Serial No. 469,696.

I To all whom iimay concern:

at New York city, borough of Manhattan,

in the State of New York, have invented certain Improvements in VariableFluid H Gears, of which the. following is a specification.

any--mechanism to transmit motion between The objects of this inventionare to secure improved means for transmitting motion from one rotatingshaft to another through the medium of an interposed fluid; toprovidesimplified means by which such motion may be varied either inspeed or direction; to secure evenness and uniformity of transmission;to obtain a compact construction which can be cheaply and easily built;to secure great efiiciency, ease of control, durability and safety; tosecure both an improved pump member and an improved motor member; toenable difierent numbers of the motor cylinder chambers to be UtillRdatfldificrent times, and thus increase thespeed of the motor withoutincreasing the velocity and volume of the acv tuating fluid; to thussecure dificrent speeds of the motor or driven shaft without changingthev pump action, in addition to variations'by adjustment of the pumpmember; to secure cylinder ports balanced as to hydraulic. pressure, andno cylinder valves; to secure an efficient angle of transmission betweenthe pistons and adjacent shaft ends; to facilitate variations of suchangle of transmission; to obviate the necessity for shaft ends andpistons ;to provide means n31 rotatably supporting a shaft end and itsadjacent cylinder independent of each other; to change the angularrelation of the cylinder to its adjpcent shaft end; to provide means fortransmitting rotary motion between'said' shaft end andcylind-rindependent variation of the angular relation of their axial lines; topreserve the relative rotation of shaft, and cylinder by means. otherthan the'power transmission mecha nism; to provide improved controllingmeansfor varying the action of the pump, and to obtain other advantagesand results as maygbe brought out in the following description,

Rbie'rring to the accompanying drawings,

' in which likenumerals ofreference indicate her; Fig. 4 is a verticaltransverse section on line 4.4, Fig. 3, looking in the directionindicated by the arrow; Fig. 5 is a horizontal sectional view on line55, Fig. 3; Fig. 6 is an end elevation, looking toward the drivingshaft, of the pump-cylinder controlling means; Fig. 7 is a detail viewof certain gearing shown in Fig. 3, and Fig. 8

is a view on line 88, Fig. 7 looking in the direction indicated by thearrow; Fig. 9 isaview of the gearing shown in Fig. 7, look-- *ing upwardfrom beneath the same; Fig; 10

is a central longitudinal section of the mo tor member of my improveddevice; Fig. 11 is across section of said motor member, taken, on line1111, Fig. '10, looking in the direction indicated by the arrow; Fig. 12is a detail longitudinal section on line 1212,.

Fig. 11; Fig. 13 is across section of the cylinder of a motor member ofmodified .construction, and Fig. 14 is a plan of said motor member,partly in section on line 14-14, Fig. 13', showing certain valveconnections for. cutting out a portion of the cylinders.

In said drawings, 20 indicates the driving shaft from which it isdesired to.

'transinit motion to the driven shaft 21 to rotate the latter in eitherdirection and at any speed from nothing up to a maximum.

The said driving shaft 20 may receive its 21 is other mechanismconstituting the motor member of my apparatus. Between the said pump andmotor members extend duets 22 and 23, through which the fluidcirculates, and these ducts may be of any length, construction or formto suit special conditions.

The pumpmember ofmy improved device comprises a casing 24 which is shownas approximately spherical at its end away from the driving shaft 20,and conically tapered at its other end, for convenience. This casing issupported in any suitable manner, as by. a bed to which brackets 26ofthe casing are bolted. An end-piece 27 of the casing is removable on avertical plane, as at 28, to permit access to the interior. At theextreme top and bottom of the casing 24 are tubular connections 29,30,remo'vably fixed to the casing 24 and to which the pipes 22, 23 arecoupled. These connections 29 and 30 have inner ends 31 and 32,respectively,

which project into the interior chamber of the casing to form hollowtrunnion bearings V in alinement with each other, as shown most clearlyin F ig. 3. The said connections 29 and 30 are shown as secured to thecasing by means of exterior flanges 33, 34, respectively, and obviouslyany well-known packing means may be provided at the joints to preventleakage.

The driving shaft 20 has a bearing 35 where it enters the casing 24, andwhich bearing is provided with an exterior stufiing box 36 of anyordinary type. The extremity of said-shaft 20 has inside the casing 24 ahead 37, and any ordinary well-known fric tion reducing means, such asthe roller bearing 38, is placed between said head and the bearing 35.The forward end of the head 37 provides a circular plate 39 in which ismounted by ball and socket joints in annular series the ends of pistonrods 40. 7 These.

piston rods 40 are connected at their opposite ends by ball-and-socketjoints each to an individual piston 41,- and these pistons 41 work inchambers 42 also arranged'in annular series in a' cylinder 43. The saidcylinder 43 is rotatably mounted upon a stud 44 adapted to be broughtinto axial a-linementwith the shaft 20, said stud projecting-from acarrier 45 which is adapted to swing from side to side to give the studdifferent angular relations to the driving shaft 20. The saidswingingcarrier 45 comprises abody portion 451 which is sphericallyrounded at its forward end, as at 46, to conform more or less closely tothe spherical curvature of the front wall of the casing 24, althoughthere is a space between said carrier and casing. In end view of thepump member, this carrier 45 is of elliptical shape with its longer axisvertical, as shown, and from the side next the driving shaft of itsupper and l wer ends hollow arms 47 and 48 project ind are bent upwardlyand downwardly, respectively, to form trnnnions i9 and 50 which receivethe trunnion bearings 31, 32 before referred to. The carrier thus swingsupon the axial line of said trunnion bearings and this axial lineintersects the axial line of the driving shaft 20 in a plane through thecenters of the bail ends 400 of the piston rods 40 at the head 37.

The cylinder 43 provides central bearings 51, 52 for the stud 44,.aroller-bearing 53 being placed between said cylinder and the carrier 45at the base of said stud to receive the' thrust, and a collar 54 on theend of the stud securing the, cylinder in place rotatably. The

forward end of the cylinder fits 'nicely at its peripheral surface intoarecess 55 of the carrier 45, and the chambers 42 of the cylinder 43 openlaterally or radially outward at their bottoms to ports 551, 552 in thewalls of said recess 55. Each of these ports extends around aconsiderable portion of the circumference of the cylinder, and theportions of walls 553 between them are as narrow as possible to be andstill prevent a cylinder chamber opening into both ports at the sametime, as clearly shown in Fig. 4 particularly. Ducts 554 and 555 leadfrom the .ports 551, 552, respectively, through the carand their pumpingact-ion correspondingly varied.

Obviously, it is necessary that the cylinder 7 43 rotate with the drivinshaft and its head 37," and since saidcylin er is not upon said shaft asheretofore'in the art, I' have provided the means next to be describedforcausing it to turn in unison with the driving shaft. The head37carries a bevel gear 56 which meshes into gear teeth 571 on the lowerend of a sleeve 57 rotatable upon a stud 58 shown as depending from theupper arm of the carrier 45. This .sleeve 57 has at its upper end gearteeth 572 which drive planetary gears 59 engaging a normally stationaryinternal gear 60. The said planetary gears 59 are mounted upon agearwheel 61 loose upon the sleeve 57 with a bushing 62 between, andthus by rotation of the shaft '20 the gear wheel 61 is turned. Saidgear6l meshes into a gear 63 upon a second stud 641 in the under side ofthe ad jacent hollow arm 47, and which gear 63 has fast to itself abevel gear 64 meshinginto va coiiperating bevel gear 65 on the cylinder43. The ratio of the gears in this train is such that the cylinder ispositively and exactly rotated with the driving shaft head by rotationof said head.

The gear-train above described is sufficient as long as the cylinderstud 44 and driving shaft 20 are in alinement, but obviously when thecarrier 45 is swung to adjust the transmission of power or speed, thegear 63 will travel around the gear 61, and turn with respect thereto,so that the mutual relations of said gears will be disturbed and thepiston I'Qds thrown abnormally out of proper axial .alinement with theircylinder chamhers. To insure against this difliculty, I have formed uponthe carrier or its upper arm 47, at the upper part of the device, gearteeth 66 which mesh'into a gear 67 011 a shaft 671 and fast to a secondgear 672 thereon which meshes into a gear 68 on the stud 58 and whichgear 68 is fast to the internal gear 60. Thus said internal gear ismoved by the swinging of the carrier, and assuming the driving shaft 20to be stationary, it will be understood that turning of this internalgear 60 is communicated through planetary gears 59, the gear teeth 572on the sleeve 57 serving as a fulcrum, to rotate the gear wheel 61. Theratio of the gears in this train is "such that said gear. 61 ispositively and exactly rotated with the carrier 45 as the. cylindercarrier is swung,

so that there is no relative movement of said gear 61 and pinion 63 andtherefore the relation of the cylinder to the driving shaft 20 is notinterfered with. So when the driv ing shaft is stationary swingingofthe'cylinder does not cause the cylinder to revolve by reason ofengagement of the connecting "gears which rotate it with the shaft, and

this is equally true when the shaft and cylinder are rotatingftogetheras first described.

The means just above described therefore synchronize rotation of thecylinder and the driving shaft or itshead 37, by which I mean that saidparts: are caused to turn,

through the same angular distance in a given interval of time, andfurthermore such synchronism is obtained without regard to the intervalselected or to variation of the angular relation of the axial lines ofsaid rotary parts. Inother words, I provide means for alwayssynchronizing the rotation'sof said rotary parts.

Any suitable means may be provided for swinging the cylinder carrier,but' I have shown in full lines one more or less elaborate system ofeffecting such swinging, and have also indicated in dotted lines a muchsimpler and cruder swinging means. This latter is found in Fig. 3, wherethe shaft of the pinion 67 is shown in dotted lines as extended outsideof the casing 24, as at 69 and provided thereat with a handlever orwheel 691 for turning. The more elaborate means is shown inFigs. 3, 5and 6, where 71 indicates a cross-head fast upon the upper arm 47- ofthe cylinder carrier 45, transversely of the axis ofturning ofsaidcarriergand which i cross-head is connected at its opposite endsbyrods 72, 73 with pistons 74, 7 5 working in cylinders 76, 77. One ofthese cylinders, as 76, is connected back of its piston .74 by a duct, 78 to a valve, 79. having an upper por-.

tion normally closing an inlet 81 and a lower portion 82 whichsimultaneously uncovers an exhaust outlet 83 leading to a main exhaust84. The pressure fluid used to operate these control pistons may comefrom any suitable source, but I have shown it as pumped from theinterior of the casing 24 of the fluid gear and exhausting back into thesame, as at 84. The pumping is shown as done by an eccentric strap 85 onan eccentric portion 86 of the driving shaft head 37, said strap beingconnected to the plunger 87 of a pump barrel 88 adapted to oscillate ina bearing 89 of the casing 24. The inlet to said barrel isv by a port90, having a puppet valve 900, and a'pipe 91 leads from the barrelupward outside the casing 24 and connects to the branch inlet 81. Whenraised, the valve 79 allows pressure to enter pipes 83, 84. A similarvalve 92 is provided for the cylinder 77 of the other PIStOIl 75,

and is similarly adapted when raised .to

admit pressure behind the piston 75, through branch inlet 93 from themain inlet 91, and;

when dropped, to closebyits upper portion the said inlet and open at itslower portion to exhaust through branch duct 96- of the main exhaustduct 84. Thus by lifting one valve the carrier 45 can be swung one way,and by lifting the other valve it can be swung the other way.

To quickly bring the carrier to central position .and hold it there, athird valve 97 is provided, the lower portion 98 of which nor-. mallyadmits pressure through branch inlet 99 to ducts 100 and 101 to bothcontrol cylinders behind middle transverse partitions 102, 103 thereof,so that it acts. against heads 104, 105 on the piston rods 741, 751which extend slidably through said partitions 102 and 103. The rear endsof the cylinders are closed, and back of the heads 104, 105, they areconnected byducts 106, 107, respectively, to the main exhaust duct 84.Preferably the heads 104, 105 are slidable on the piston rods 741, 7 51,so that the istons can move backward independent .0 Said headsyfilthoughtions 761 and 771 of the cylinders, respectively, are adapted to engagethe slidable piston heads 104, 105 and limit their rearward movement tothe precise position requisite to hold-the carrier '45 central orneutral. These shoulders are shown as formed, by rear portions 763, 773of the Cyl:

inders 7.6, 77 screwed thereto, but obviously could be (provided in 'anysuitable manner. 4

The thir valve 97 is also adapted when Q79, 92 lifted to swing thecarrier.

raised to cover at its lower portion 98 the inlet 99, to uncover at itsupper portion 108 an exhaust branch 109. Such raising must be donethefirst thing in operating the con- 7 trol, and then one or the other ofthe valves All the valves normally assume by gravity, as shown positionsto hold the carrier in its neutral or idle position more fully explainedherein-- after.

For operating the particular .type of valves, or gravity valves, which Ihave shown for purposes of illustration,'I have also shownelectromagnetic'means, in Fig. 6 of the drawings. The valves 79, 92 and97 are each provided with an electro-magnet,

' 110, 111 and 112,respectively, to raise the same, and these magnetsare connected up to a switchboard 113 provided with a switch-114, asfollows. Contact pieces 115, 116 are provided, with a dead section 117between, and are wired as at 118, 119, to the magnet of the stop valve97'. This electromagnet is connected to the circuit wire 120,

and the other circuit wire1200 leads, asat 121, to a contact piece 122adjacent to the contacts 115, 116 and the dead section 117. The switch114 is pivoted as 123, and has a brush 124 which always connects the contact piece 122 with one or the other of the contacts 115, 116 exceptwhen in central position upon'the dead section 117, as dotted;

There is also a second brush 125 on the switch lever 114 which slidesupon a continuous contact piece 126 connected to the circuit wire 1200,as at 127, and also upon adjacent contacts 128 and 129 whichareconnected by wires 1201 and 1202 to the magnets of thevalves 92' and 79,respectively, and a middle dead section 130. Said middle dead section130 is longer than the aforesaid dead section 117 between the stop valvecontacts 115, 116, and thus it is insured that as the switch lever isswung, it 'opj crates the stop valve 97 before either of the othervalves. This relieves the pressure in the back cylinders 761 and 771,toallow the piston heads 104, 105 to slide. Obviously,

any other equivalentmeans of operating the control valves could beemployed, or even control valves of any other common and well knownconstruction could be emp]oyed instead of'those I have shown, thedetails j which I have shown for these features of the 55 "ing takes upthe thrust, and the cylinder has axial bearings 138, 139 for said stud.The said cylinder 134 provides an annular series .of chambers 140 inwhich are pistons 141 the driven shaft 21. The rear end of the 1cylinder has a portion 143 which fits peripherally against the innerwall of the casing, as at 144, and the said cylinder chambers 140 openlaterally or radially, as at 145, to ports 146, 147 in said wall 144 ofthe casing. These ports, as clearly shown. in Fig. 11, extend eacharound a considerable portion of the circumference of the cylinder sothat the portions of walls between them are as narrow as possible andstill prevent a cylinder chamber opening into bothports at the sametime. Ducts 148, 149 from these ports 146, 147, respectively, lead tothe end of the casing and terminate in openings 150, 151 to which thepipes 22 and 23 before described can be connected in any manner commonto'pipe fitting.

The pistons 141 are at their forward ends connected by ball-and-socketjoints to the face of a head 152 fast upon the driven shaft 21. Thishead is in the form of a cap for receiving the end of. the shaft, and aroller bearing 153 is placed between the said head and the wall of thecasing 131 'to take up the thrust. Said shaft 21 projects fromthe'casing 131 at an angle of forty-five degrees to the cylinder stud135, and such angle remains permanent since it is the angle of greatestefliciency and there is no need of adjustment at this end of the device. Obviously, however, if adjustment was desired it could be made'inthe same manner already described in connection with the pump end of myinvention. Where the shaft 21 leaves the casing 131, it has a bearing154 and is provided with a suitable stulfing-box 155.

In order to insure turning of the cylinder 13.4 in exact unison with thehead 152, a bevel gear 156 upon said cylinder meshes into a second bevelgear 157 on the head, so.

that they rotate positively together. I have shown the balls 158 at theends of the pistons 141 each seated in a cup 159 which drops into arecess 160 of the head 152, and is held by an annular nut 161. The ball162 at the other end of the piston screws off to' enable the ring 163 tobe applied, and said ball seats in a cup 164 which is held in the recess165 of the piston 141 by an interior nut 166. Turning of this nut 166 isprevented by a suitable lock, such as the plate 167 slidable on the pin168 and normally held by the spring 169 with its two pins 170, 171projecting one'into the nut 166 and the other into the body of thepiston 141.

It wi l be understood that in the operation of my device both casings 24and 131 gases, for although oil has heretofore been,

' the fluid commonly employed I can by my improvements utilize not onlyother liquids,

- but also gases preferably in a condensed or compressed condition, forcertain special purposes. I direction of rotation of the driving shaftnor vary the speed of the same, but by simply swinging the carrier 45the driven shaft 21 can be rotated at any speed from nothing up to amaximum and in either direction. It will be noted that when the carrier1% stands in central position of its range of movement, or with itscylinder stud 44 in 'alinement with the driving shaft 20, (which I havecalled neutral position), the pistons 41 will have no stroke and nomovement will be transmitted to the driven shaft. If the carrier isswung in one direction from said neutral position, the drivenshaft. willrotatein one direction; and if the carrier is swung in the otherdirection the driven shaft will be reversed in its direction ofrotation. In practice the range of angular movement of the carrier willbe through about thirty degrees on each side of its neutral position.

In Figs. 13 and 14 of the drawings, I have shown means for increasingthe speed of rotation of the driven shaft without in creasing the flowof liquid or varying the action of the pump member in any way. To dothis, a cylinder 175 is employed a portion of the chambers of which canbe cut out of circulation. In the drawings I have shown, for example.nine cylinder chambers which are divided into two groups one comprisingthree chambers 177 17 8 and 179, at 120 degrees apart, and the othergroup the six remaining chambers 176. The three cylinder chambers 177,17 8 and 179 are longer than the others, so as to open through ports180, 181 into ducts 182, 183,while the other six cylinder chambers openthrough ports 184:,

185 into ducts 186, 187. The ducts 182 and 183 open into branches 188,189 of pipes 222 and 223 corresponding to the pipes22 and 23 alreadydescribed. These branches opening said by-pass, therefore, and closing,the valves 190 and 191, the three cylinders 177, 178 and 179 will bethrown out ofcirculatioaand the remaining six cylinders Wlll receive theentire fluid supply from the It is not necessary to change the pumpmember.

creased movement and the speed of the driven shaft increased byone-half.

The ducts 186 and 187 of the six cylinder chambers 17 6 are incommunication with branches 194, 195 of the pipes 222 and 223, and saidbranches 194, 195 are provided with valves 196 and 197 and also, betweensaid valves and the casing of the member, with a by-pass 198 controlledby valve199. Thus by opening said by-pass 198 and closing the Thepistons of those six I cylinders will accordingly be given in- .valves196, 197, the six cylinder chambers are thrown out of circulation andthe three chambers 177, 178 and 1'79 receive the entire nections couldbe made in any manner mechanicalskill might suggest. Thedetail'arrangement of pipes will undoubtedly be modified in actualpractice, and instead of turning the difi'erent valvesby hand andindependently, as shown, some means of operating them unitedly andautomatically.

in proper sequence as commonly done by a lever or the like underanalogous conditions, will be employed. This Will be no departure fromthe spirit and scope of my invention, however.

Having thus described the invention, what I claim is:

1. The combination of inlet and outlet ducts, a rotary cylinder havingchambers adapted to communicate with said ducts, a rotary head, pistonsin said cylinder chambers having the outer ends of their rodsconncctedto said head, mountings each rot-atably supporting one of saidrotary parts'independently of the other, means for moving one rotarypart to vary the angular relation of its axial line to that of theother, means for driving one rotary part, gearing adapted to transmitrotary movement be- 2. The combination of inlet and outlet ducts, arotary cylinder having chambers adapted to communicate with said ducts,a rotary head, pistons in said cylinder cham .bers having the outer endsof their ro'ds connected to said head, mountings each rotatablysupporting one of said rotary parts independently of the other, meansfor moving one rotary part to vary the angular relation of its axialline tothat of the other,

means .for driving one rotary part, gearing adapted to transmit rotarymovement between said rotary parts, and other gearing adapted tosynchronize the rotations of said rotary parts during variation of theangular relation of their axial lines.

3. The combination of inlet and outlet ducts, a cylinder having chambersadapted to communicate with said ducts, a prime mover, pistons in saidcylinder chambers having rods connected to said prime mover, means forvarying the angular relation of the axis of said cylinder to the axisofsaid prime mover, means for transmitting rotary movement between saidprime mover and cylinder, and means for synchronizing ro-' tation' ofsaid prime mover and cylinder during variation of the angular relationof their axial lines;

4. The combination of inlet and outlet ducts, a cylinder having chambersadapted to communicate with said ducts, a prime mover, pistons in saidcylinder chambers having rods connected to said prime mover, means forvarying the angular relation of the axis of said cylinder to the axis ofsaid prime mover, gearing adapted to transmit rotary movement betweensaid prime mover and cylinder, and other gearing adapted to synchronizethe rotations of said prime mover and cylinder during variation of theangular relation of their axial lines.

5. The combination,of inlet and outlet ducts, a cylinder having chambersadaptedv to communicate with said ducts, a .prime mover, pistons in saidcylinder chambers having rods connected to said prime mover, means forvarying the angular relation of the axis of said cylinder to the axis ofsaid prime mover, and gearing adapted to transmit rotary movementbetweensaid prime mover and cylinder and synchronize the rotations of saidparts.

6. The combination of inlet and outlet ducts, a rotary cylinder havingchambers adapted to communicate with said ducts, a rotary head, pistonsin said cylinder chambers having the outer ends of their rods connectedto said head, mountings each rotatably supporting one of said rotaryparts independently of the other, means for moving one rotary part tovary the angular relation of its axial line to that of the other, meansfor driving one rotary part, and means for transmitting rotary movementbetween said rotary parts and synchronizing the rotation of said parts.

7. The combination of inlet and outlet ducts, a rotary cylinder havingchambers adapted to communicate with said ducts, a

rotary hea d, pistons in said cylinder chambers having the outer ends oftheir rods connected to said head, mountings each rotatably supportingone of said-rotary partsindependently of the other, means for moving onerotary part tovary the angular relation of its axial line to that oftheother, means for driving one rotary part, means adapted to transmitrotary movement between said rotary parts, and means for synchronizingrotation of said rotary parts during Variation of the angular relationof their axial lines.

8. The combination of inlet and outlet ducts, a rotary cylinder. havingchambers adapted to communicate with said vducts, a rotary head, pistonsin said cylinder having the outer ends of their rods connected to saidhead, mountings eachrotatably supporting one of said rotary partsindependently of the other, meansfor moving the axis of one rotary partangularly upon the poi'nt of intersection of the axis of the otherrotary part with theplane of connection of the piston rods to the rotaryhead as a center, and means for rotating said rotary parts.

9. The combination of inlet and outlet ducts, a cylinder having chambersadapted to communicate with said ducts, a shaft, pistons in saidcylinder chambers having rods connected to said shaft at points radiallyout from its axial line, means for moving the axis of saidcylinderangularly upon the point of intersection of the driving shaftand plane of connection ofsaidpiston rods thereto as a center, and meansfor transmitting rotation between said driving shaft and cylinder.

'10. The combination of inlet and outlet ducts, a rotary cylinder havingchambers adapted to communicate with said ducts, a rotary head, pistonsin said cylinder chambers having the outer ends of their rods connectedto said head, mountings each rotatably supporting one of said rotaryparts independently of the other, means for moving the axis of onerotary part angularly upon the point of intersection of the axis of theother rotary part with the plane of connection of the piston rods to therotary head as. a center, means for rotating said rotary parts, andmeans for always synchronizing the rotation of said rotary parts.

11. The combination of inlet and outlet ducts, a rotary cylinder havingchambers adapted to communicate with said ducts, arotai y head, pistonsin said cylinder chambers having the outer ends of their rods connectedto said head, a swinging carrier for one of said rotary parts, bearingsfor the other rotary part, means for swinging said carrier to vary theangular relation of the rotary part carried by it to the other rotarypart, means for rotating said rotary parts, and means for alwayssynchronizing the rotations 'ofsaid rotary parts.

12. The combination of inlet and outlet ducts, a rotary cylinder havingchambers adapted to communicate with said ducts, a rotary head, pistonsin said cylinder chambers having the outer ends of their rods connectedto said head, a swinging carrier for one of said rotaryparts,stationarybearings or the other rotary part, means for swingingsaid carrier to vary the angular relation of the rotary part carried byit to the other rotary part, means for rotating said rotary part instationary bearings, means for transmitting rotary movement from saidrotary part in stationary bearings to the rotary part in the swingingcarrier, and means for always synchronizing the rotations of said rotaryparts.

13.'The combination of a swiiiging carrier having inlet and outletducts, a cylinder rotatably mounted on said carrier and having chambersadapted to communicate with r said ducts, a prime mover independent ofsaidcarrier, pistons in said cylinder chambers having the outer ends oftheir rods pivotally connected to said prime mover, means for swingingsaid carrier, means for transc/ mitting rotary motion'between said primemover and cylinder, and means for syn-r chronizing the rotations of saidcylinder and prime mover. i

14. The combination of a swinging carrier havin axial inlet and outletducts, a stud on sai carrier, a cylinder on said stud havinglongitudinal chambers opening through the sides of'the cylinder andadapted to communicate with said ducts, a prime mover ,independent ofsaid carrier, pistons in said cylinder chambers havingthe outer ends oftheir rodspivotally connectedv to said prime mover, means for swingingsaid carrier, means for transmitting rotary motion between said primemover and cylinder, and means for synchronizing the rotations of saidcylinder and prime mover.

15. The combination of a swinging carrier having axial inlet and outletducts opening into a central recess, a stud in said recess, a cylinderrotatably mounted on said stud and having longitudinal chambers openingthrough the sides of the cylinder and adapted to communicate with saidducts, a prime mover independent of said carrier, pistons in saidcylinder chambers having the outer ends of their rods pivotallyconnected to said prime mover, means for swinging said carrier, meansfor transmitting rotary motion between said prime mover and cylinder,and-means for synchronizing the rotations of said cylinder and primemover.

1G. The combination of a shaft having at" its extremity a head, ducts atopposite sides swinging said carrier, means for transmitting rotarymotion between said shaft and cylinder, and means for synchronizing therotations of said cylinder and shaft.

17. The combination of a rotary cylinderhaving longitudinal chamberswith ports at the sides of the cylinder, bearings for said cylinder,inlet and outletducts having ends adapted to engage the sides of saidcylinder and communicate with said ports, a rotary head, pistons in saidcylinder chambershaving the outer ends of their rods connected to saidrotary head, means for moving one of said rotary parts to vary theangular relation of its axial line to that of the other, means forrotating said rotary parts, and means for synchronizing the rotations ofsaid rotary parts.

- 18. The combination of a rotary cylinder having longitudinal chambersopen at one end of the cylinder and terminating short of the other end,said cylinder having ports in its sides at the inner ends of saidchambers, bearings for the closed end of said cylinder, inlet and outletducts having ends adapted to engage the sides of the cylinder and tocommunicate with the ports thereof, a rotary head, pistons in saidcylinder chambers having the outer ends of their rods connected to saidrotary head, means for moving one of said rotary parts to vary theangular relation of its axial line to that of the other, means forrotating said rotary parts, and means for synchronizing the rotations ofsaid rotary parts. v

19. The combination of a rotary cylinder having longitudinal chambers,bearings for said cylinder, pistons in said chambers having rodsprojecting therefrom, a prime mover terminating short of said cylinderand connected to said piston rods, means for swinging said cylinder tovary the angular relation of its axis to that of said prime mover, saidprime mover and cylinder having gear teeth, intermediate gearing betweensaid prime mover and cylinder having relatively movable members, andmeans for shifting one of said members of the intermediate gearing tocompensate for angular motion of the cylinder.

20. The combination of a rotary cylinder having longitudinal chambers,bearings for said cylinder, pistons in said chambers having rodsprojecting therefrom, a prime mover terminating short of said cylinderand connected to said piston rods, means for swinging. said cylinder tovary the angular relation of its axis to that of said prime mover, atrain of gearing adapted to transmit rotary motion between said shaftand cylinder, said train containing planetary gearing, and means foradjusting the fulcrum gear of said planetary gearing to compensate forsaid angular 'motion.

21. The combinatlon of a rotary cylinder 1 having longitudinal chambers,bearings for said cylinder, pistons in said chambers having rodsprojecting therefrom, a prime mover terminating short of said cylinderand connected to said piston rods, means for swinging said'cylinder tovary the angular relation of its axis to that of said prime mover, gearson said prime mover and cyl- -1nder, a train of gears between saidfirstmentioned gears containing planetary gearing, and a second train ofgears between the swinging cylinder and the fulcrum of saidplanetarygearing adapted to adjust said fulcrum-gear in compensation forrelative movement of the gears upon the prime mover and cylinder due toswinging said cylinder.

.22. The combination of a shaft, a carrier adapted to swing on an axisdisposed diametrically of the axial line of said shaft, a cylinderrotatably mounted on said carrier and adapted to be brought into axialalinement with said shaft, a gear train for transmitting rotary motionbetween said shaft and cylinder and including planetary gearing, and asecond gear train between said swinging carrier and the fulcrum gear ofthe planetary gearing adapted to adjust said fulcrum gear and compensatefor angular motion of the carrier.

23. The combination of: inlet and outlet ducts, a rotary cylinder havingchambers adapted to communicate with said ducts, a rotary head, pistonsin said cylinder chambers having the outer ends of their rods connectedto said head, mountings each rotatably supporting one of said rotaryparts independently of the other, means for moving the axis of onerotary part to vary the angular relation of its axial line to that ofthe other, a gear train adapted to transmit rotary movement between saidrotary parts, said train containing planetary gearing, and means foradjusting the fulcrum gear of said planetary gearing to compensate forsaid angular variation. 7

24. The combination of inlet and outlet ducts, a rotary cylinder havingchambers adapted to communicate with said ducts, a rotary head, pistonsin said cylinder chambers having the outer ends of their rods connectedto said head, mountings each rotata bly supporting one of said rotaryparts independently of the other, means for moving the axis of onerotary part to vary the relat'ion' of its axial line to that of theother, gears .on said rotary parts, a gear train between saidfirst-mentioned gears containing planetary gearing, and a second geartrain between the swingingrotary part and the fulcrum gear of saidplanetary gearing adapted to adjust said fulcrum gear to compensate forrelative movement of said gears onthe rotary parts when the swingingrotary part is swung.

25. The combination of inlet and outlet ducts, a rotary cylinder havingchambers adapted to communicate with said ducts, a rotary head, pistonsin said cylinder chambers having the outer ends of their rods connectedto said head, a swinging carrier for one of said rotary parts, bearingsfor the other rotary part, means for swinging said carrier, means forrotating said rotary parts, gears on said rotary parts, a gear trainbetween said first-mentioned gears containing planetary gearing, and asecond gear train bet-ween the swinging carrier and the fulcrum gear ofsaid planetary gearing adapted to adjust said fulcrum gear to compensatefor relative movement of said gears on the rotary parts when theswinging carrier is swung. V A

26. The combination of two rotary parts adapted to be brought into axialalinement, c ineans for displacing and adjusting the alinement of saidrotary parts, a train of gearing adapted to transmit rotarymove mentfrom one of said parts tothe other -means for driving one of said parts,gearing adapted to drive the other part from said first-mentioned part,means for bringing said parts into and displacing them from axialalinement with each other, and means for shifting the driven partrotatively with respect to the driving part to compensate for variationof their axial'relation.

28. The combination of two rotatable parts detached orseparate from eachother, means for bringing said parts into and displacing them from"axial alinement with each other, gear wheels on said rotatable parts,means for driving one of said rotatable parts, an internal gear, a gearengaging the gear. wheel on the driving rotary part and having externalteeth in the plane of said internal gear, a gear carrying pinionsmeshing with said internal and external gear teeth in the same plane,means connecting said last-mentioned gear to the gear wheel on thedriven rotary part, and means for turning said internal gear.

29. The combination of a swinging carrier, rotary parts adapted to bebrought into axial alinement, one of said rotary partsbeing mounted onsaid carrier and the other independent of the movement of said carrier,means for'transmitting rotary move ment between said rotary parts,andmeans for swinging said carrier comprising a cross head, pistonsconnected'to opposite ends of said cross head, cylinders for saidpistons having'front and rear chambers, means for supplying pressure toor exhausting pressure from the rear chambers simultaneously, and valvesfor admitting pressure to the front chamber of each cylinder independentof the other.

30. The combination with a swinging member, of a control comprising twostationary cylinders each having front and rear chambers, pistons insaid chambers, shoulders for the pistons in the rear chambers adapted tohold them at stop position, and means for admitting and exhaustingpressure fluid to or from said chambers.

31. The combination with a swinging member, of a control comprising twostationary cylinders each having front and rear chambers, pistons in'said chambers, stop means adapted tohold either of the pistons in thefront chambers at full speed position, other stops adapted to hold bothpistons in the rear chambers simultaneously in stop position, and meansfor admitting and exhausting pressure fluid to or from said cylinders.

32. The combination with a swinging member, of a control comprising .twosta tionary cylinders each having front and rear chambers, pistons insaid chambers, shoulders for the pistons in the rear chambers adapted tohold them at stop position, piston rods in said chambers having arearward movement or sliding independent of the pistons in the rearchambers, and means for admitting and exhausting pressure fluid to orfrom said cylinders.

33. The combination with a swinging member, of a control comprising twostationary cylinders each having front and rear chambers, pistons insaid chambers, stops limiting movement of the pistons in forwarddirection to full speed position, shoulders limiting rearward movementof the pistons in the rear chambers to stop position, piston rodshavinga rearward movement or slidmg independent of the pistons in the rearchambers and being fast to the other pistons,

- and means for admitting or exhausting pressure fluid to or from saidcylinders.

34. The combination with a swinging member, of a control comprising twostationary cylinders each having front and rear chambers, pistons insaid chambersfpiston rods having a rearward movement or slidingindependent of the pistons in the rear chamber and being fast to theother pistons, and means for admitting or exhausting pressure to or fromthe rear pistons simul taneously and to or from the front pistonsalternately. Y

35. The combination with a swinging member, of cylinders each havingfront and rear chambers separated by a transverse partition, pistons insaid chambers, piston rods extending slidably through said partitionsand the rear pistons, shoulders on the cylinders limiting rearwardmovement of the rear pistons, stops on the piston rods back of said rearpistons, and valves adapted to admit and exhaust pressure fluid to andfrom said cylinders.

36. In a fluid gear, the combination of a casing adapted to be filledwith fluid, arotary head in said casing a swinging carrier on saidcasing, a cylinder on said carrier, pistons in the chambers of saidcylinders having rods connected to said head, a controi for said carriercomprising cylinders and pistons therein having rods connected to saidcarrier, a shaft adapted to drive said rotary head, inlet and exhaustducts leading from said casing to said control cylinders, a pump adaptedto pump through said ducts, and means for operating said pump from saidshaft.

37. The combination with a member adapted to turn upon an axis, ofpiston rods connected at opposite sides of said axis, cylinders havingfront and rear chambers, pistons in said chambers the rear ones beingslidable or movable independent of said rods, shoulders for said rearpistons adapted to hold them in stop position, a gravity valve adaptedin normal position to admit pressure in front of both said rear pistons,means for raising said valve to cut off such pressure and to exhaustfrom in front of both of said pistons, and other separate valves forsaid cylinders, each adapted 'to connect a front chamber'back of itspiston to pressure and exhaust alternately.

38. The combination with a member adapted to turn upon an axis, ofpiston rods connected at opposite sides of said axis, cylinders havingfront and rear chambers, pistons in said chambers the rear ones beingslidable or movable independent of said rods, shoulders for said rearpistons adapted to hold them in stop position, a stop valve adapted whenopen to admit pressure in front of said rear pistons and when closed toexhaust from in front of them, other valves one for each cylindernormally connecting back of the front pistons with exhaust means, andmeans for cont-rolling said valves adapted to first close the stop valveand then lift one of the other valves.

39. The combination of a rotary cylinder having chambers of differentlengths with ports opening from their sides out through the cylinderatdifferent points of its length, a plurality of sets of inlet andoutlet ducts, each set leading to ports which are in circumferentialalinement, and means for opening and closing said ducts to the operativecirculation of fluid through the said cylinder chambers.

40. The combination of a rotary cylinder having chambers with portsopening from

